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Road trauma-related hospitalisations in Queensland public acute hospitals: 01 Jan 2019 to 31 Dec 2023

Queensland Trauma Insights – June 2024

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Background

This report presents patterns and trends in road trauma related hospitalisations in Queensland public acute hospitals over a five-year time-period from 2019 to 2023 covering the pre-pandemic (2019), pandemic (2020) and post-pandemic (2021-23) years as part of an expanded surveillance and monitoring activity.

Key findings

Between 01 Jan 2019 to 31 Dec 2023:

  • 44,390 road trauma related hospitalisations occurred in Queensland public acute hospitals.
  • Trend analysis using a moving average time series trend line shows that the daily number of hospitalisations were slightly higher in 2019 and gradually decreased in early 2020 during the COVID-19 lockdown and broader pandemic restrictions. Numbers gradually increased in 2021 after the pandemic restrictions were lifted. This upward trend peaked after Queensland state borders were opened. During 2022 road trauma hospitalisations decreased to pre-pandemic 2019 levels. Trends were overall higher in 2023, with a peak in May followed by a drop in June.
  • Car/Pick-up van related hospitalisations accounted for almost 60% of all road trauma related hospitalisations. Motorcyclists accounted for 23% of all road trauma related hospitalisations. Other vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and bicyclists accounted for 16% of all road trauma related hospitalisations.
  • However, motorcycle riders (4 days) and pedestrians (4.7 days) experienced a longer average length of hospital stay (LOS) compared to car/pick up van drivers (2.6 days).
  • Males aged between 20-29 years had the highest incidence of road trauma related hospitalisations (N=6,316, 14%).
  • Injuries to the upper and other lower extremities and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) were the leading body regions of injury sustained, accounting for 37% and 16% of all road trauma related hospitalisations respectively.
  • Fractures were the main injury sustained accounting for more than one-third of all road trauma related hospitalisations (N=16,941, 38%).

Key figures

Observed trends over time

Trend analysis: All years

Observed trends over time by road user types

Observed trends over time for pedestrians and bicyclists

Patient outcomes, Clinical activity and Severity/death outcomes by road user group and year

2019
Road user group Episodes Patient days Average LOS Procedures1 ICU2 CVS3 Severe injury4 (%) Died5
Car/Pick up van 4,983 13,181 2.6 2,018 175 143 11.6% 17
Motorcycle 1,945 7,442 3.8 1,314 90 67 13.6% 9
Bicycle 996 2,218 2.2 612 35 34 16.1% NP^
Pedestrian 431 1,982 4.6 291 20 14 21.3% 7
Heavy vehicle 156 567 3.6 77 10 9 12.2% NP
Other transport 75 233 3.1 38 NP^ NP 12.0% NP
2020
Car/Pick up van 5,023 12,217 2.4 1,989 181 160 10.9% 22
Motorcycle 1,999 7,245 3.6 1,339 94 82 13.1% 7
Bicycle 1,068 2,445 2.3 674 53 51 16.0% NP
Pedestrian 421 1,893 4.5 310 29 18 21.4% 14
Heavy vehicle 176 733 4.2 83 10 11 13.6% NP
Other transport 82 234 2.9 39 NP NP 15.9% NP
2021
Car/Pick up van 5,655 14,229 2.5 2,235 173 156 11.1% 31
Motorcycle 2,177 8,734 4.0 1,464 108 81 13.9% 10
Bicycle 964 2,491 2.6 596 32 28 16.7% NP
Pedestrian 411 1,944 4.7 269 23 16 24.3% NP
Heavy vehicle 141 373 2.6 69 NP NP 12.1% NP
Other transport 101 416 4.1 40 5 6 12.9% NP
2022
Car/Pick up van 5,002 13,446 2.7 1,991 167 149 11.6% 29
Motorcycle 1,932 8,191 4.2 1,339 94 72 13.6% 10
Bicycle 765 2,278 3.0 496 37 31 18.6% NP
Pedestrian 452 1,985 4.4 290 18 18 19.9% 7
Heavy vehicle 151 556 3.7 71 7 6 17.9% NP
Other transport 98 264 2.7 52 NP NP 14.3% NP
2023
Car/Pick up van 5,074 13,484 2.7 1,971 194 177 12.2% 28
Motorcycle 2,321 9,644 4.2 1,584 132 104 15.0% 12
Bicycle 1,030 2,585 2.5 680 52 47 16.8% NP
Pedestrian 515 2,671 5.2 328 25 18 22.1% 6
Heavy vehicle 145 512 3.5 77 12 8 19.3% NP
Other transport 101 242 2.4 57 NP NP 11.9% NP

1 This is a count of patients undergoing either surgical or non-surgical procedures during an episode of care.

2 This is a count of patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit during an episode of care.

3 This is a count of patients receiving Continuous Ventilatory Support during an episode of care.

4 Severe injury was determined using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-based Injury Severity Score: ICISS. The ICISS methodology uses survival risk ratios (SRRs) calculated for each injury ICD diagnosis to estimate injury severity, by multiplying the individual SRRs for each injury diagnosis code together for a person. The ICISS can then be used to categorize patients as having a high threat to life (ICISS ≤0.941) or low threat to life (ICISS > 0.941) (1). We have used the cut point for high threat to life to indicate severe injury.

5 Died in hospital

^ Not publishable due to the low number of cases.

Age and sex breakdown

Body region of injury sustained

Top 10 injury sustained

Injury sustained Number of episodes
Fracture 16,941
Superficial injuries 6,218
Internal organ injuries 5,214
Wounds or lacerations 3,400
Dislocation 615
Burn 209
Injury to blood vessel 197
Amputation 73
Other specified injury 5,078
Unspecified injury 6,385

Remoteness*

Remoteness Number of episodes

Major City

25,491

Inner Regional

9,336

Outer Regional

6,150

Remote

612

Very Remote

413

*Data were restricted to Queensland residents only.

About us

The Jamieson Trauma Institute (JTI) connects clinicians, researchers, government and industry partners striving to advance trauma prevention, research and clinical management, to deliver the best possible care for people who experience traumatic injury. JTI is funded via a partnership between the Motor Accident Insurance Commission, Metro North Health and Queensland University of Technology.

Data scope and definitions

This overview was produced by the Jamieson Trauma Institute, in consultation with the Statistical Services Branch, Queensland Health using Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection (QHAPDC) (derived subset of data tables comprising injury related hospital admissions from all Queensland public acute hospitals excluding Mater South Brisbane Hospitals).

Data Scope

  • Includes episodes of admitted patient care with separation date between 01 Jan 2019 & 31 Dec 2023.
  • Road trauma related injury hospitalisation is defined by ICD-10-AM principal diagnosis code between S00-T98 with first external cause codes related to ‘on-road trauma’ and place of occurrence code Y924- street and highway.
  • Data from July 2023 are preliminary and subject to change.
  • A moving average trend/regression analysis was used. This trendline smooths out fluctuations in data to show a pattern or trend more clearly. A moving average trendline uses a specific number of data points, averages them, and uses the average value as a point in the trendline. In this case, the period is set to 8, for example, then the average of the first 8 data points is used as the first point in the moving average trendline. The average of the second and nineth data points is used as the second point in the trendline, and so on.
  • Care Type = Acute.
  • This overview presents raw counts, not age standardised rates, as data relate to episodes of care and not individual patients.

References

  1. Stephenson S, Henley G, Harrison JE, Langley J. 2003. Diagnosis-based Injury Severity Scaling. A method using Australian and New Zealand hospital data coded to ICD-10-AM. Injury Research and Statistics Series Number 20. Adelaide: AIHW (AIHW cat no. INJCAT 59).

 

Report prepared by:

Shahera Banu

Data Analyst

Shahera.Banu@health.qld.gov.au

Genevieve Westacott

Health Information Manager

Genevieve.Westacott@health.qld.gov.au

2024-08-19T13:58:20+10:0011 June 2024|
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